Analysis of serum CA125 and related influencing factors in silicosis patients with pulmonary heart disease / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) level and its influencing factors in male silicosis patients with pulmonary heart disease. Methods: In October 2021, data of 38 male patients with simple silicosis (silicosis group), 28 cases of silicosis with pulmonary heart disease (pulmonary heart disease group), and 27 healthy controls (control group) in the same age group were collected in inpatient and outpatient of Nanjing Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. The serum CA125 levels of the three groups were compared, and the correlation between disease-related indexes and serum CA125 in silicosis patients with pulmonary heart disease was analyzed, as well as the influencing factors of pulmonary heart disease and serum CA125 levels in silicosis patients. Results: The serum CA125 level[ (19.95±7.52) IU/ml] in pulmonary heart disease group was higher than that in silicosis group[ (12.98±6.35) IU/ml] and control group[ (9.17±5.32) IU/ml] (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum CA125 level between the silicosis group and the control group (P>0.05). Serum CA125 levels were positively correlated with blood uric acid and fasting blood glucose in silicosis patients with pulmonary heart disease (r=0.39, 0.46, P<0.05). Serum CA125 level was a risk factor for silicosis patients with pulmonary heart disease (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.02-1.24, P<0.05). Dust exposure time, lactate dehydrogenase and smoking history were positively correlated with serum CA125 level in silicosis patients (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The serum CA125 level of male silicosis patients with pulmonary heart disease is significantly increased, and the level of CA125 is correlated with the level of fasting blood glucose and blood uric acid.

Caracterización de parámetros del intercambio gaseoso en la Ciudad de México / Characterization of gas exchange parameters in Mexico City

Introducción: en las grandes altitudes, el intercambio gaseoso suele estar deteriorado; en la altitud moderada de la Ciudad de México esto no está aún plenamente definido. Objetivo: caracterizar el intercambio gaseoso en la altitud moderada de la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos: mediante un estudio transversal analítico se estudiaron sujetos nacidos y habitantes de la Ciudad de México, de ambos géneros, con edades de 20 a 59 años sin enfermedad cardiopulmonar. Se registraron sus variables demográficas, espirometría simple y de gasometría arterial. Las diferencias en las variables se calcularon con ANOVA de una vía para grupos independientes y ajuste de Bonferroni. Una p < 0.05 se aceptó como significativa. Resultados: se estudiaron 335 sujetos, de los cuales 168 (50.15%) fueron hombres, la edad grupal fue de 45 ± 11 años, con índice de masa corporal 22.97 ± 1.54 Kg/m2. La relación volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo/Capacidad vital forzada (VEF1/CVF) de 91.58 ± 12.86%. La presión arterial de oxígeno fue de 66 ± 5.02 mmHg, el bióxido de carbono: 32.07 ± 2.66 mmHg, la saturación arterial de oxígeno: 93.03 ± 1.80% y la hemoglobina: 14.07 ± 1.52 gr/dL. Conclusiones: la presión arterial de oxígeno y del bióxido de carbono están disminuidos a la altura de la Ciudad de México.

Background: At high altitude the gas exchange is impaired, in the moderate altitude of Mexico City they are not yet defined. Objective: To characterize the gas exchange in the moderate altitude of Mexico City. Material and methods: Through an analytical cross-sectional study, subjects born and inhabitants of Mexico City, both genders, aged 20 to 59 years without cardiopulmonary disease, were studied. Their demographic variables, simple spirometry and arterial blood gas were recorded. Differences in variables were calculated with one-way ANOVA for independent groups and Bonferroni adjustment. p < 0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: 335 subjects were studied, 168 (50.15%) men. Group age 45 ± 11 years old, body mass index 22.97 ± 1.54 Kg/m2. Forced expiratory volume ratio in the first second / Forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) 91.58 ± 12.86%. The arterial oxygen pressure was: 66 ± 5.02 mmHg, carbon dioxide: 32.07 ± 2.66 mmHg, arterial oxygen saturation: 93.0 3 ± 1.80%, and hemoglobin: 14.07 ± 1.52 gr/dL. Conclusions: The arterial oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide are lowered at the Mexico City altitude.

Comportamento sedentário, características sociodemográficas, condições de saúde e atividade física de lazer em idosos / Sedentary behavior, sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and physical activity of leisure in the elderly

Este estudo teve como objetivo associar a prevalência de comportamento sedentário às características sociodemográficas, condições de saúde e atividade física de lazer em idosos. O estudo foi descritivo e transversal com amostragem não probabilística por acessibilidade. Participaram 213 idosos residentes da zona urbana de Rio do Sul ­ SC. Para a avaliação das características sociodemográficas e condições de saúde utilizou-se um questionário com questões que incluíam, idade, anos de estudo, estado civil, renda per capita, ocupação, com quem mora, percepção do estado de saúde, doenças já diagnosticadas e a utilização de medicamentos. A avaliação da prática de atividade física no lazer ocorreu com a aplicação do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e para o comportamento sedentário utilizou-se uma questão deste instrumento referente ao tempo médio semanal em que o idoso fica sentado. Os resultados mostraram que existe prevalência de comportamento sedentário para homens (66,7%) e mulheres (57,1%). No lazer a proporção de idosos insuficientemente ativos foi elevada (81,2%). Houve associação do comportamento sedentário com a renda para os homens que recebem 3 ou mais salários mínimos (87,5%). Além disso, ocorreu associação dos fatores de percepção do estado de saúde bom ou ótimo com o comportamento sedentário entre as idosas (65,8%). Diante do estudo, constatou-se que há um maior número de idosos homens (88,8%) e mulheres (74,1%) que são fisicamente ativos no lazer, mas considerados sedentários e no total, uma prevalência de aproximadamente 60% de comportamento sedentário (CS) entre os idosos. Dessa forma, há necessidade de não apenas atingir as recomendações de atividades físicas semanais, mas também de reduzir o comportamento sedentário. (AU)

This study aimed to associate the prevalence of sedentary behavior with sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and leisure-time physical activity in the elderly. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional with non-probability sampling for accessibility. 213 elderly residents of the urban area of Rio do Sul - SC participated. For the evaluation of sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions, a questionnaire was used with questions that included, age, years of study, marital status, income per capita, occupation, who lives, perception of health status, diseases already diagnosed and use of medicines. The evaluation of the practice of physical activity during leisure occurred with the application of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and for sedentary behavior, a question from this instrument was used, referring to the average weekly time in which the elderly person sits. The results showed that there is a prevalence of sedentary behavior for men (66.7%) and women (57.1%). In leisure, the proportion of insufficiently active elderly people was high (81.2%). There was an association between sedentary behavior and income for men who receive 3 or more minimum wages (87.5%). In addition, there was an association between factors of perception of good or excellent health status and sedentary behavior among the elderly (65.8%). In view of the study, it was found that there is a greater number of elderly men (88.8%) and women (74.1%) who are physically active at leisure, but considered sedentary and in total, a prevalence of approximately 60% of sedentary behavior (SC) among the elderly. Thus, there is a need to not only achieve weekly physical activity recommendations, but also to reduce sedentary behavior. (AU)

Correlación de la distancia recorrida en la caminata de 6 minutos y puntajes de comorbilidad Charlson y Elixhauser / Correlation of distance traveled in the 6 minute walk and Charlson and Elihauser comorbidity scores

Introduction: The walking test of 6 minutes (6MW) is a test that merges the answer of different systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, skeletal muscle and neurosensorial) and offers an useful objective result to lead therapeutic measurements and stablish a prognosis, it's possible that the comorbid patient lowers their functional reserve and alters the result of the test not only because of the presence of pathologies cardiorespiratory, nevertheless, information about the correlation between the scores of comorbidity and the traveled distance in the 6MW is limited. Objective: Determine the correlation between the traveled distance in the 6MW and the scores of comorbidities of Charlson and Elixhauser. Methods: A cross-sectional study was made, in patients taken to the 6MW made between 2006 until March 2020, in a hospital of high complexity; there were included patients older than 18 years old, whose clinic history record and walk of 6 minutes were available. The index of Charlson and Elixhauser were calculated in the 6MW, a bivariate analysis was made between the antecedents of pathologies and the traveled distance, independently and adjusted, the spearman correlation coefficient was calculated for the different scores and the distance in meters of the 6MW, was considerate a significative p: <0,05. Results: to the final analysis 491 subjects entered, the average age was of 69 years old (sd: 14,9), 54% male, the 15,3% had an abnormal walk less than the 80% of the expected, the diseases that were considered had a statistically significant relation with the decrease of the distance in the 6MW were arterial hypertension (p: <0,001), chronic heart failure (p=0,037), heart arrhythmia (p=0,003), smoking (p=0,022), chronic pulmonary obstruction disease (p: <0,001), dementia (p=0,03diabetes mellitus with target organ damage (p=0,01), moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (p=0,012), obesity (p=0,036) y lymphoma (p=0,038 the spearman correlation coefficient between the traveled distances and Charlson was of -0,343 (IC95%:-0,420 -0,264)(p: < 0,001) and -0,213(IC95%:-0,285 -0,116)(p: <0,001) with the Elixhauser index. Conclusion: The distances walked in meters in the 6MW has a reverse low correlation with the comorbidity index, the diseases that were not cardiopulmonary and that related independently with changes in the traveled dist ance are smoking, dementia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and lymphoma. Key words: Comorbidities, Walk, Test, Cardiopulmonary, Charlson, Elixhauser

Overview of systematic reviews on Shenmai Injection in prevention and treatment of diseases / 中国中药杂志

To summarize and evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenmai Injection in the treatment of viral myocarditis, shock, pulmonary heart disease, coronary heart disease, neutropenia and tumor chemotherapy, so as to provide supportive evidences for clinical rational use of Shenmai Injection. By searching literatures about studies on the systematic reviews on Shenmai Injection in treatment of viral myocarditis, shock, pulmonary heart disease, coronary heart disease, neutropenia and tumor chemotherapy from the main Chinese and English databases. Primary efficacy and safety outcome measures were selected for comparative analysis and summary, and the appraisal tool of AMSTAR 2 was used to evaluate the included studies.A total of 36 systematic reviews(published from 2005 to 2020) were included, involving viral myocarditis, shock, pulmonary heart disease, malignant tumor and coronary heart disease. The number of cases included in each type of the above diseases was 3 840, 2 484, 12 702, 28 036 and 27 082, respectively. The comparison results showed that, Shenmai Injection combined with conventional/western medicine treatment groups had better efficacy than conventional/western medicine groups alone in the prevention and treatment of the above five diseases. The main adverse reactions of Shenmai Injection reported in the included studies were facial flushing, rash, palpitation, etc., but the incidence was low and the general symptoms were mild, so no special treatment was needed. Therefore, the application of Shenmai Injection on the basis of conventional treatment or western medicine treatment had better prevention and treatment efficacy of the diseases. It was suggested that more multi-center and larger sample-size randomized controlled trials should be carried out in the future, and the relevant reporting standards should be strictly followed in systematic reviews, so as to improve the scientificity and transparency of the study.

Arritmias cardíacas en habitantes de gran altura con diagnóstico de corazón pulmonar crónico / Cardiac arrhythmias in highlanders with a diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale

Resumen Antecedentes: El corazón pulmonar crónico (CPC) muestra un incremento en habitantes que viven en grandes altitudes. Objetivo: Investigar la frecuencia de arritmias cardíacas y factores de riesgo para su desarrollo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal; se revisó el registro de pacientes internados del Departamento de Cardiología del Instituto Nacional de Tórax, La Paz, Bolivia, entre enero de 2017 y junio de 2018; se incorporó a todos los individuos con diagnóstico de CPC, definido por criterios clínicos, electrocardiográficos y ecocardiográficos; se incluyó a 162 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios en el análisis; se utilizaron la t de Student y ANOVA. Resultados: Arritmias: fibrilación auricular (FA), 125 (75%); aleteo auricular (AA), 17 (10.5%); taquicardia auricular (TA), 17 (10.5%); extrasístoles, 3 (1.9%). Según el análisis univariado, los factores relacionados con el desarrollo de arritmias fueron: eritrocitosis: FA, RR: 1.33, otras arritmias (RR: 1.67), p = 0.0001; hipertensión arterial pulmonar: FA, RR: 3.10, otras arritmias (RR: 3.21), p = 0.0001; dilatación de aurícula derecha (AD): FA, RR: 1.92, otras arritmias (RR: 2.13), p = 0.0001; obesidad: FA, RR: 3.47, p = 0.001, otras arritmias (RR: 3.70), p = 0.001; hipertensión arterial sistémica: FA, RR: 3.10, p = 0.001, otras arritmias (RR: 3.21), p = 0.001. Según el análisis multivariado: eritrocitosis (RR: 2.2), dilatación de AD (RR: 1.2), p = 0.0001. Conclusiones: Se encontró FA con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes con CPC; los factores de riesgo con mayor significancia estadística para su presentación fueron la eritrocitosis y la dilatación de la AD.

Abstract Background: Chronic cor pulmonale (CPC), with increased presentation in high-altitude inhabitants. Objectives: Investigating the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias, and risk factors for its development. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, the inpatient registry of the Department of Cardiology of the National Institute of Torax, La Paz-Bolivia, from January 2017 to June 2018 was reviewed, all were incorporated with the diagnosis of CPC, defined by clinical criteria, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic, 162 patients who met the criteria were taken, the student's t-test and ANOVA were used for the analysis. Results: Arrhythmias: atrial fibrillation (AF) 125 (75%), atrial flutter (AA) 17 (10.5%), atrial tachycardia (AT) 17 (10.5%), extrasystoles 3 (1.9%). Univariate analysis of factors related to the development of arrhythmias: erythrocytosis: FA, RR: 1.33, other arrhythmias RR: 1.67, p = 0.0001, pulmonary arterial hypertension: FA, RR: 3.10, other arrhythmias RR: 3.21, p = 0.0001, right atrial dilation (AD): FA, RR: 1.92, other arrhythmias RR: 2.13, p = 0.0001, obesity: FA, RR: 3.47, p = 0.001, other arrhythmias RR: 3.70, p = 0.001, systemic arterial hypertension: FA: RR: 3.10, p = 0.001, other arrhythmias RR: 3.21, p = 0.001. Multivariate analysis: erythrocytosis (RR: 2.2), AD dilation (RR: 1.2), p = 0.0001. Conclusions: AF was found more frequently in patients with CPC, the risk factors with the greatest statistical significance for presentation were: erythrocytosis and AD dilation.

Oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea o ECMO (ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) para el tratamiento de Síndrome cardio-pulmonar por Hantavirus / Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or ECMO (ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) for the treatment of Hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome

INTRODUCCION: Tecnología: Oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea o ECMO (ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) veno arterial. Características de la tecnología: El soporte vital extracorpóreo veno-arterial (ECMO-VA es una alternativa terapéutica para aquellos pacientes que cursan con falla cardiopulmonar que, a pesar de optimizar la ventilación mecánica y el soporte hemodinámico o aplicar terapias avanzadas (ventilación diferencial, posición prono, óxido nítrico, etc), son incapaces de superar la hipoxemia y la depresión miocárdica. El síndrome cardiopulmonar por virus Hanta (SCPH) se caracteriza por hipotensión, disminución del índice cardíaco, aumento de la resistencia vascular sistémica y edema pulmonar por incremento de la permeabilidad vascular. En un subgrupo de enfermos, estas manifestaciones pueden culminar en falla respiratoria y depresión miocárdica severas, asociadas a elevada mortalidad (21-24). En estos casos, el ECMO-VA puede substituir temporalmente la función cardíaca y respiratoria mientras se supera el período de máximo riesgo vital. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA TECNOLOGÍA: Los mejores resultados obtenidos con el uso de ECMO en los últimos años, se relacionan con el perfeccionamiento de la técnica y modificación de los criterios de selección de los pacientes (34). Entre ellos destaca la implementación precoz del ECMO, es decir, antes que se instale el daño pulmonar inducido por ventilación mecánica. En Chile, la mortalidad del SCPH causada por virus Andes Sur, sigue siendo elevada (36%) y aquellos enfermos que en las primeras 24 h desarrollan hipoxemia refractaria y disfunción cardíaca de progresión rápida, tienen 100% de mortalidade. Para identificar pacientes con SCPH que requerirán asistencia extracorpórea se propone la presencia de shock refractario con índice cardíaco <2,5 L/min/m2 y láctico sérico >4 mmol/L. ESTRATEGIA DE BÚSQUEDA: Protocolo de búsqueda bibliográfica (palabras clave, combinaciones, sitios consultados. Se realizó una búsqueda con tres operadores independientes, en las bases de datos bibliográficas detalladas a continuación, en buscadores genéricos de Internet como Google, Agencias de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias y Agencias nacionales e internacionales reguladoras de alimentos y medicamentos. RESULTADOS: La evidencia encontrada se basa en estudios observacionales (casos y series de casos), tomando en cuenta que los pacientes incluidos y conectados en ECMO-VA presentan de acuerdo con Crowley y col y otros autores, parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio asociados con una mortalidad del 100% en dicha fase de la enfermedad. RECOMENDACIONES: El panel de expertos recomienda el uso de ECMO para individuos con síndrome cardiopulmonar grave por hantavirus ( recomendación fuerte a favor). Balance de beneficios: El panel otorgó peso a los potenciales beneficios en contexto de una condición con elevada mortalidad, en la cual no existen alternativas terapéuticas válidas. Sin embargo, existió acuerdo en que estos beneficios potenciales no han sido comprobados y que se requiere promover la investigación en el tema.

Análisis espacial de las concentraciones de PM2,5 en Bogotá según los valores de las guías de la calidad del aire de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para enfermedades cardiopulmonares, 2014 - 2015 / Spatial analysis of PM2,5 concentrations in Bogotá according to the World Health Organization air quality guidelines for cardiopulmonary diseases, 2014 - 2015

Introducción. La Organización Mundial de la Salud señala que tres millones de muertes al año por enfermedades cardiopulmonares están relacionadas con la exposición a la contaminación del aire. Objetivo. Estimar las superficies de concentración de partículas en suspensión de menos de 2,5 pm (Particulate Matter, PM25) en Bogotá entre el 2014 y el 2015, clasificándolas según las guías de calidad del aire de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para enfermedades cardiopulmonares. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio ecológico mediante técnicas geoestadísticas. Se calcularon los promedios de PM25 en lapsos de seis horas a lo largo del día en cuatro franjas horarias. Las concentraciones se clasificaron según los valores diarios y anuales de las guías de calidad del aire de la OMS. Resultados. La localidad de Kennedy presentó las mayores concentraciones de PM25 en todas las franjas horarias. Los valores registrados en esta zona y clasificados según las guías diarias y anuales de calidad del aire, evidenciaron que la localidad presentaría un incremento de 1,2 % en la mortalidad cardiopulmonar en el corto plazo y de 9 % en el largo plazo. Conclusión. Las franjas horarias de las 0:00 a las 6:00 h y de las 12:00 a las 18:00 h, cumplieron con el valor anual de las guías de calidad del aire de 10 µg/m3 en una parte de la zona oriental de la ciudad. En el resto de la ciudad, en las franjas horarias de las 6:00 h a las 12:00 h y de las 18:00 h a las 24:00 h se registraron valores que cumplían los objetivos intermedios 2 y 3, lo que representa incrementos de 9 y 3 % en la mortalidad cardiopulmonar, respectivamente.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that 3 million deaths per year caused by cardiopulmonary diseases are related to exposure to air pollution. Objective: To estimate areas of concentration of PM2.5 in Bogotá according to the WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) for cardiopulmonary diseases during the period 2014-2015. Materials and methods: We conducted an ecological study with geostatistical techniques. We calculated the PM2.5 averages for six hour-periods distributed throughout the day in four time slots, which were classified according to daily and annual WHO AQG. Results: The locality of Kennedy presented the highest concentrations of PM25 in all time slots. The values registered in this area classified within the daily and annual AQG showed that the locality would present an increase of 1.2% and 9% in cardiopulmonary mortality in the short and long term, respectively. Conclusion: The time slots from 0:00 to 6:00 h y from 12:00 to 18:00 h met the annual AQG value of 10 µg/m3 in a part of the eastern zone of the city; in the rest of the city, in these same time slots, intermediate objectives 2 and 3 were met, which means increases by 9% and 3% in the cardiopulmonary mortality according to the AQG, respectively.

Cor pulmonale secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis in pregnancy: A report of two cases / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

@#Cor pulmonale is defined as alteration in structure and function of the right ventricle of the heart caused by a primary disorder of the lungs. Presented are two cases of gravidocardiac patients from cor pulmonale secondary to multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. The first case is a case of a 37-year-old gravida 4 para 3 (3-0-0-3) and the second case is that of a 24-year-old pimigravid, both of which were on their third trimester with no known cardiac disease, both initially presenting with dyspnea and heart failure symptoms. The first patient was not in labor, managed conservatively and was discharged clinically improved; the latter was delivered abdominally who later succumbed to fatal arrhythmia. Presented are the strategies in management and challenges encountered in managing a pregnant cardiac patient from cor pulmonale, specifically from pulmonary tuberculosis.

Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis: a lesson learned

Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a rare and controversial entity that is known to be a cause of pulmonary hypertension and is microscopically characterized by proliferation of dilated capillary-sized channels along and in the alveolar walls. Clinically, it is mostly seen in adults. Clinical features are characterized by nonspecific findings such as shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, and fatigue. It can be clinically indistinguishable from pre-capillary pulmonary arterial hypertension disorders such as primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. However, the diagnostic distinction, which usually requires a multidisciplinary approach, is crucial in order to avoid inappropriate treatment with vasodilator medications usually used for PAH treatment. Prognosis of PCH remains poor with lung transplant being the only definitive treatment. We report an autopsy case of pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis unmasked at autopsy that was treated with a prostacyclin analog, usually contraindicated in such patients. We emphasize that this entity should always be on the differential diagnosis in a patient with pulmonary hypertension and requires great vigilance on the part of the clinician, radiologist and pathologist to make the diagnosis and guide appropriate management.

Síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavirus / Hanta syndromevirus cardiopulmonary

Introducción: En el ámbito mundial las enfermedades infecciosas son la segunda causa de muerte en el presente siglo. La epidemiología de las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes y reemergentes plantean desafíos a la clínica y a la salud pública en general, tal es el caso del síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavirus. Objetivo: Actualizar los conocimientos sobre la vigilancia epidemiológica del microorganismo responsable y documentar a los profesionales de la salud. Métodos: Revisión de artículos de investigación referentes al síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavirus en el presente siglo. Se realizaron búsquedas en las fuentes de indexación Scopus, SciELO, Medline, Latindex, Bireme, Google. Lilacs, PubMed sobre el microorganismo, patogenia, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Conclusiones: La emergencia y reemergencia de este síndrome con alta letalidad debe ser de dominio de clínicos, pediatras, intensivistas, epidemiólogos y los médicos de la atención primaria para su prevención, diagnóstico precoz y conducta oportuna. La vigilancia epidemiológica es fundamental(AU)

Introduction: Infectious diseases are globally the second cause of death in this century. The epidemiology of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases poses clinical and public health challenges in general; such is the home of Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. Objective: Updating information on the epidemiological surveillance of the causing microorganism and provide said knowledge to health professionals. Methods: Reviewing research articles related to cardiopulmonary syndrome by Hantavirus conducted in the present century. Researches were carried out about the microorganism, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment in the indexing sources Scopus, SciELO, Medline, Latindex, Bireme, Google, Lilacs and PubMed. Conclusions: The emergence and reemergence of this highly lethal syndrome should be known by clinicians, pediatricians, intensive care staff, epidemiologists and primary care physicians for prevention, early diagnosis and timely treatment. Epidemiological surveillance is essential(AU)

Manifestaciones pulmonares de artritis reumatoide: cor pulmonale / Pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis: Cor pulmonale

RESUMEN Cor pulmonale es la disfunción ventricular derecha que resulta de hipertensión pulmonar secundaria a alteraciones de la estructura o función pulmonar, por diversas etiologías, principalmente aquellas que afecten el parénquima y la vasculatura pulmonar. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 62 arios de edad, con disfunción ventricular derecha secundaria a alteraciones parenquimatosas y funcionales pulmonares como resultado de enfermedad sistémica autoinmune.

ABSTRACT Cor pulmonale is the right ventricular dysfunction that results from pulmonary hypertension secondary to alterations of the pulmonary structure and/or function, by various aetiologies, mainly those that affect the parenchyma and pulmonary vasculature. The case is presented of a 62-year-old woman with right ventricular dysfunction secondary to parenchymal and functional pulmonary alterations, as a result of systemic autoimmune disease.

Caracterização clínica dos pacientes sob ventilação mecânica internados em unidade de terapia intensiva / Características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados en menos de ventilación mecánica unidad de cuidados intensivos / Clinical characterization of patients under mechanical ventilation in an intensive therapy unit

Objetivo: descrever as características clínicas de pacientes sob ventilação mecânica internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Métodos: Estudo transversal e quantitativo, com amostra de 90 pacientes internados em um hospital referência em atendimento de doenças cardiopulmonares, situado na cidade de Fortaleza/Ceará. Coleta de dados realizada em outubro de 2016 através de um instrumento estruturado. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Instituição sob o protocolo CAAE53956816.2.0000.5052. Resultados: Observou-se que 56,7% eram do sexo feminino, na faixa etária de 50 a 59 anos (59%). Os principais motivos de internação foram as doenças cardiovasculares (53,3%); 88,9% utilizaram antibioticoterapia; 34,4% apresentaram pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica; 80% utilizaram drogas vasoativas e apenas 25,6% realizaram traqueostomia após a internação 36,7%. Conclusão: O paciente crítico possui peculiaridades que exige do enfermeiro um planejamento das ações de cuidados que vise à redução de possíveis complicações graves e letais.

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas de pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Métodos: Estudio transversal y cuantitativa, con 90 pacientes ingresados en un hospital de atención enfermedades cardiopulmonares, situado en la ciudad de Fortaleza/Ceará. Recopilación de datos realizada en octubre de 2016 a través de un instrumento estructurado. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de ética de investigación de la institución bajo el protocolo CAAE-53956816.2.0000.5052. Resultados: Se observó que el 56,7% eran mujeres entre las edades de 50 a 59 años (59%). Las principales razones de hospitalización fueron las enfermedades cardiovasculares (53.3%), 88.9% utiliza antibióticos; 34,4% presentadas ventilador había asociado neumonía; 80% usada drogas y sólo 25.6% traqueotomía realizada vasoactivos después de hospitalización 36,7%. Conclusión: El paciente crítico tiene particularidades que requiere que la enfermera una planificación de la atención dirigida a la reducción de posibles complicaciones graves y letales.

Objective: lo describe the clinical characteristics of patients under mechanical ventilation admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: A cross - sectional and quantitative study with a sample of 90 patients admitted to a referral hospital for cardiopulmonary diseases, located in the city of Fortaleza / Ceará. Data collection conducted in October 2016 through a structured instrument. The study was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee under protocol CAAE-53956816.2.0000.5052. Results: It was observed that 56.7% were female, in the age group of 50 to 59 years (59%). The main reasons for hospitalization were cardiovascular diseases (53.3%); 88.9% used antibiotic therapy; 34.4% presented pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation; 80% used vasoactive drugs and only 25.6% performed tracheostomy after hospitalization 36.7%. Conclusion: The critical patient has peculiarities that require the nurse to plan care actions aimed at reducing possible serious and lethal complications.

Carbon Dioxide Retention after Non-Cardiac Surgery in a Patient with Cor Pulmonale

Regional anesthesia is generally recommended over general anesthesia for non-cardiac surgeries in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by pulmonary disease. However, pre-, and intra-, postoperative management are critical for patients with severe PH even when regional anesthesia is performed. This is the first reported case of carbon dioxide retention and administration of the appropriate treatment during non-cardiac surgery performed under spinal/epidural anesthesia and analgesia in a patient diagnosed with chronic cor pulmonale accompanied by severe PH.

Severe pulmonary hypertension due to combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: another cause of death among smokers

In 2005, the combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) was first defined as a distinct entity, which comprised centrilobular or paraseptal emphysema in the upper pulmonary lobes, and fibrosis in the lower lobes accompanied by reduced diffused capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Recently, the fibrosis associated with the connective tissue disease was also included in the diagnosis of CPFE, although the exposure to tobacco, coal, welding, agrochemical compounds, and tire manufacturing are the most frequent causative agents. This entity characteristically presents reduced DLCO with preserved lung volumes and severe pulmonary hypertension, which is not observed in emphysema and fibrosis alone. We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of heavy tobacco smoking abuse, who developed progressive dyspnea, severe pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale over a 2-year period. She attended the emergency facility several times complaining of worsening dyspnea that was treated as decompensate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The imaging examination showed paraseptal emphysema in the upper pulmonary lobes and fibrosis in the middle and lower lobes. The echo Doppler cardiogram revealed the dilation of the right cardiac chambers and pulmonary hypertension, which was confirmed by pulmonary trunk artery pressure measurement by catheterization. During this period, she was progressively restricted to the minimal activities of daily life and dependent on caregivers. She was brought to the hospital neurologically obtunded, presenting anasarca, and respiratory failure, which led her to death. The autopsy showed signs of pulmonary hypertension and findings of fibrosis and emphysema in the histological examination of the lungs. The authors highlight the importance of the recognition of this entity in case of COPD associated with severe pulmonary hypertension of unknown cause.

Manifestaciones cardiopulmonares de esclerosis sistémica sin esclerodemia y avances en el tratamiento. Reporte de un caso / Cardiopulmonary Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis Without Scleroderma and Advances in Treatment. Case repor

Antecedentes. La esclerosis sistémica sin esclerodermia es una variante rara de la esclerosis sistémica limitada en la que los pacientes no presentan manifestaciones cutáneas importantes. Caso clínico. Se presenta caso de paciente femenina en la sexta década de la vida sin antecedentes patológicos de importancia que presentaba Síndrome de Raynaud, fotosensibilidad y pares- tesias en manos; al examen físico estertores finos e induración leve de la piel de los dedos, se sospechaba enfermedad del colágeno y se realizaron exámenes de laboratorio que confirmaron diagnóstico de Esclerosis Sistémica sin esclerodermia, ya que presentaba mayores manifestaciones cardiopulmonares. Inició tratamiento con esteroides sistémicos pero se complicó con Neumonitis Intersticial tratada con Azatriopina e Hipertensión pulmonar manejada con Sildenafil. También se comenzó Rituximab, como terapia de artritis reumatoide diagnosticada posteriormente. Ha presentado leve mejoría en el patrón pulmonar restrictivo por lo que el tratamiento con Rituximab aún persiste. Paciente con buena evolución clínica y exámenes de laboratorio control dentro de los rangos normales, sin embargo función pulmonar continúa alterada, pero sin modificar actividades diarias. Conclusión: La caracterización de la enfermedad es vital, actualmente se cuenta con criterios diagnósticos más certeros para orientar el manejo adecuado dentro de una amplia gama de posibilidades terapéuticas...(AU)

Large atrial septal defects in adolescents and adults: a high incidence of sinus venosus type defects presenting late

Background: Isolated Atrial Septal Defect [ASD] is a common congenital heart disease that could present at any age. It is the most common form of heart disease presenting in adolescents and adults

Objective: To evaluate adolescents and adults presenting late with significant ASD's and their presentation, management and short-term outcomes

Design: A Retrospective Study

Setting: Mohammed Bin Khalifa bin Salman Al-Khalifa Cardiac Center, Bahrain

Method: A retrospective study was performed. Adolescents/adults more than 14 years of age with significant ASD referred to a tertiary cardiology unit over a three-year period were reviewed from 1 March 2012 to 31 March 2015. The data was obtained from a computerized database

Result: Thirty-two patients presented with large ASD. Twenty-five [78.1%] were females. The mean age was 29.4 years. The majority were diagnosed as an incidental finding of murmur during routine examination. A high number of Sinus Venosus Defects in the adolescent/adult group [22% compared to 7% in the pediatric group: P=0.01] was found, which were more common in males [42% compared to 17%: P=0.128]. Nine [28.1%] underwent successful device closure. Twenty three [71%] patients were referred for surgical correction. There was no mortality

Conclusion: Significant ASD is often undiagnosed until adolescence or adulthood. If not promptly diagnosed and managed, it is likely to present with symptoms and signs of pulmonary overload later in life. Sinus Venosus ASD's should be suspected in male adolescents and adults with significant ASD's in Bahrain and surgical closure is often required